Self knowledge builds on the foundation of awareness. It is knowing the impact you have on those around you when you express your normal desires and how to control those actions to achieve the optimal result. So while self awareness involves internal exploration, self knowledge is outward looking and involves learning how to observe, listen and evaluate.

The role of the coach in this phase is to help the individual to observe the impact of their behaviour and that of others and to reflect on the outcomes, while considering alternative actions that might have lead to more favourable or constructive outcomes.

This phase is the longest phase, but the thinking and learning that happens during it is invaluable. The coach helps the emerging leader to make the connections between the classroom and the workplace. The coach is critical to maintaining a sense of continuity, realism and ensuring that confidence does not overflow into cockiness.